WASHINGTON—Public support for a more active U.S. foreign policy has grown sharply since last year as Americans see the world becoming more dangerous.
Those findings, from a newly released Pew Research Center survey, provide an important backdrop for President Barack Obama’s decision-making regarding U.S. military action against Islamic militants in Iraq and Syria and possible steps to counter Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
The increased support for an active U.S. policy overseas could have a big effect on the race to succeed Obama in 2016, especially among Republicans.
Nearly one-third of Americans now say that the U.S. does too little to address global problems. That’s almost as many as say the U.S. is too deeply involved overseas.
A Pew poll in November found that those who wanted the United States to do less outnumbered those who wanted a more active policy by 51 percent-17 percent.
Two-thirds of Americans say the world has grown more dangerous in the last several years, the poll found.
Opinion has shifted toward activism across the political spectrum, but the change is most dramatic among conservative Republicans.
Among Republicans who say they identify with the tea party, 54 percent now say the U.S. does too little to help solve world problems, and only 33 percent say the U.S. does too much.
That’s almost a mirror image of opinions among that group last year, when 54 percent said the U.S. was doing too much and 22 percent said too little.
That shift among conservative Republicans, if it persists, could pose a big challenge to Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., whose advocacy of less overseas involvement by the U.S. forms a central part of his potential presidential campaign.
Paul’s foreign policy approach, which critics in the party have labeled isolationist, has appealed to many conservatives, but could now be out of sync with a major shift in public attitudes, the poll indicates.
For Obama, growing support for a more active foreign policy offers a freer hand to respond militarily to the Islamic State militants who have captured a large swath of territory in northern and western Iraq and in neighboring Syria, if he chooses to do so.
At the same time, however, the poll shows that a majority of the public, 54 percent, believes his foreign policy is “not tough enough.” That’s roughly the same as last year’s percentage, but is notably higher than during his re-election campaign in 2012, when 41 percent took that view.
The 54 percent who said Obama is not tough enough on foreign affairs include a significant share of groups who otherwise support him.
Four-in-10 blacks, for example, said Obama’s approach was not tough enough. So did 45 percent of those younger than 30 and about one-third of Democrats.
Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has recently criticized Obama’s approach to some conflicts, suggesting that she would take a tougher line if she were president.
The poll indicates that a significant percentage of Democrats are open to that view, although liberal Democrats, who dominate the party’s nominating process, were the least likely to share it.
Among self-identified liberal Democrats, only one-quarter said Obama was not tough enough, while 66 percent said his approach was “about right.” Among Republicans, by contrast, 77 percent said he was not tough enough and 16 percent said his approach was about right.
Some liberal activists have accused Obama of following too militaristic a foreign policy, with too many lethal drone airstrikes on militant groups, for example, but that view is not widely shared. Only 3 percent in the survey said Obama’s approach was “too tough,” including 6 percent of liberal Democrats.
Asked what world problems pose a “major threat” to the U.S., the public continued to mention Islamic extremists most frequently, with al-Qaida and Islamic State ranking at the top of the list. Almost two-thirds of Americans said they believe militant Islam will grow in influence in the Mideast over the long term.
About half of those surveyed listed tension between Russia and its neighbors as a “major threat” to the U.S., after Russia’s growing intervention in neighboring Ukraine. By contrast, concern about China’s rise as a world power appears to have lessened since last year.
More than two-thirds of Democrats list global climate change as a major threat, while only one-quarter of Republicans do so. Most Republicans say they see climate change as not a threat at all (40 percent) or as a minor threat (32 percent).
About half of those surveyed said they believe the U.S. has a less powerful and important role as a world leader than it did 10 years ago, while about one-third said the U.S. role is about the same as it has been. And 15 percent said U.S. importance and power has grown in the last decade.
The survey by the Pew Research Center for USA Today was conducted Aug. 20-24 among 1,501 adults. The margin of error is plus/minus 2.9 percentage points.
